Preparing for Your Child’s Surgery
我们希望你的家人在约翰霍普金斯儿童中心的经历是积极的. Therefore, we are providing you with the information and resources you need to know to prepare children of all ages for what occurs before, during and after surgery.
和儿童生活专家谈谈你孩子即将进行的手术, please contact the child life department at 410-955-6276 or [email protected].
Preparing for Surgery at Johns Hopkins Children's Center
在约翰霍普金斯儿童中心，孩子们谈论准备手术时应该期待什么
Supporting Your Child on Surgery Day
A video for parents and caregivers to learn about ways they can support their child who is having surgery or a procedure under anesthesia.
Hopkins Kids Talk About Anesthesia
霍普金斯大学的孩子们谈论麻醉，并讲述他们的个人经历.
Surgery Prep Materials
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Children’s Center NPO Guidelines Prior to Anesthesia
使用这些有用的指南来为你和你的孩子的手术做准备.
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Parent to Parent: Preparing & Coping with your Child’s Surgery
使用我们的有用指南，由家长为家长制作，帮助您为孩子的手术做准备.
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Hopkins Children's Guide to Surgery Coloring Book
Our Guide to Surgery Coloring Book can help you prepare your child for the experience of coming to Johns Hopkins Children's Center for surgery.
How to Prepare for Your Child's Surgery
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Before Surgery Day
- A nurse will call your family the day before your child’s surgery (or the last weekday for surgeries scheduled on Mondays or the day after a national holiday) to inform you what time to arrive, and when to stop giving your infant breastmilk or formula. They can also inform you whether your child is scheduled to stay overnight at the hospital after surgery.
- What to Bring:
- 熟悉的舒适物品(毯子、毛绒玩具、奶嘴、玩具等)
- If your child is on a special formula, you may want to bring this with you (there are refrigerators at the hospital to store formula and breast milk).
- Comfortable clothes and personal items for caregivers, 如果你的孩子要在医院过夜
How to Help your Infant on Surgery Day
- 你的宝宝可能会饿，因为他们在手术前不能吃任何东西.
- You may soothe your child by swaddling, shushing, and rocking them; there are play and comfort items available at the hospital to help soothe infants.
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Before Surgery Day
- A nurse will call your family the day before your child’s surgery (or the last weekday for surgeries scheduled on Mondays or the day after a national holiday) to inform you what time to arrive, and when to stop giving your child food and drink. They can also inform you whether your child is scheduled to stay overnight at the hospital after surgery.
- 手术前1-2天，用简单的语言和孩子谈谈. Explain what body part the doctor is going to fix.
- 如果太早告诉你的孩子手术，他可能会担心, 幼儿对时间的概念还没有很强的理解.
- What to Bring
- 熟悉的舒适物品(毯子，毛绒玩具，奶嘴等)和/或家里的玩具. While there are toys in the hospital for your child to use, 允许你的孩子选择带什么去医院可以给他们一种控制感.
- 如果你的孩子挑食或有饮食限制, 带一些他们喜欢的东西去医院可能会有帮助
- Comfortable clothes and personal items for caregivers, 如果你的孩子要在医院过夜
How to Help your Toddler on Surgery Day
- Keep food and drink out of sight. 你的孩子可能会饿，因为他们在手术前可能没有任何东西吃或喝. 幼儿可能很容易被玩具和活动分散注意力，只要他们没有看到食物或饮料.
- Be patient. 蹒跚学步的孩子在医院的经历中变得挑剔或粘人是很常见的. Try to provide comfort and support to your child while remaining consistent with your approaches to discipline.
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Before Surgery Day
- A nurse will call your family the day before your child’s surgery (or the last weekday for surgeries scheduled on Mondays or the day after a national holiday) to inform you what time to arrive, and when to stop giving your child food and drink. They can also inform you whether your child is scheduled to stay overnight at the hospital after surgery.
- 手术前几天，用简单的语言和你的孩子谈谈. Explain what body part the doctor is going to fix, using words for body parts that your child is familiar with.
- 给孩子足够的时间来处理这些信息是很重要的, 但不要有太多时间让恐惧和误解产生.
- 为你的孩子提供机会表达他们对手术的想法和感受. You can do this by asking open-ended questions, 比如“告诉我你的手术情况”或者“你对手术有什么问题吗”. 这将给你一个机会去了解孩子的想法和潜在的误解.
- What to Bring
- 熟悉的舒适物品(毯子，毛绒玩具等)和家里的玩具/电子设备. While there are toys in the hospital for your child to use, 允许你的孩子选择带什么去医院可以给他们一种控制感.
- 如果你的孩子挑食或有饮食限制, 带一些他们喜欢的东西去医院可能会有帮助.
- Comfortable clothes and personal items for caregivers, 如果你的孩子要在医院过夜
How to Help Your Preschooler on Surgery Day
- 你的孩子可能对医院的经历有恐惧或误解. 他们可能会认为是自己做错了什么才需要做手术. 使用具体、简单的语言来纠正这些误解.
- Children often fear the unknown and will sometimes create images in their minds that are scarier than what the experience will actually be like if they do not know what to expect.
- Preparation for what to expect (using videos provided here or consulting with a child life specialist) will often alleviate these concerns for preschoolers and help them learn about what will happen on surgery day.
- Keep food and drink out of sight. 你的孩子可能会饿，因为他们在手术前可能没有任何东西吃或喝. 学龄前儿童可能很容易被玩具和活动分散注意力，只要他们没有看到食物或饮料. 有些人可能想选择一种特殊的饭菜或小吃，他们将在手术结束后享受.
- Be patient. It is common for preschoolers to experience regression surrounding a hospital experience; they may revert to thumb sucking or bed wetting. These behaviors are often temporary. Try to provide comfort and support to your child while remaining consistent with your approaches to discipline.
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Before Surgery Day
- A nurse will call your family the day before your child’s surgery (or the last weekday for surgeries scheduled on Mondays or the day after a national holiday) to inform you what time to arrive, and when to stop giving your child food and drink. They can also inform you whether your child is scheduled to stay overnight at the hospital after surgery.
- 在孩子手术前1-2周，用诚实、简单的语言和他们谈谈. Be truthful with your child about what they will experience and listen for any misconceptions or fears they may have. This allows your school-ager time to process the information and develop questions without allowing too much time for fears to develop.
- Preparation for what to expect (using videos provided here or consulting with a child life specialist) will often alleviate these concerns for school-agers and help them learn about what will happen on surgery day.
- 鼓励你的孩子有机会表达他们的感受. You can do this by asking open-ended questions like “What questions do you have about surgery” or “What do you think will be difficult about having surgery”
- 鼓励你的孩子和他们的朋友谈论即将到来的手术. 一些家庭会组织卡片或录像来表示对住院儿童的支持. Children may also utilize technology to stay in touch with family members or peers if they are missing school or other activities.
- Speak with your child’s teachers to plan for your child to make up missed assignments and any attention your child might need once they return to school.
- What to Bring:
- 熟悉的舒适物品(毯子，毛绒玩具等)和家里的玩具/电子设备. While there are toys in the hospital for your child to use, 允许你的孩子选择带什么去医院可以给他们一种控制感.
- 如果你的孩子挑食或有饮食限制, 带一些他们喜欢的东西去医院可能会有帮助.
- Comfortable clothes and personal items for caregivers, 如果你的孩子要在医院过夜
How to Help Your School-Ager on Surgery Day
- Answer your child’s questions and talk about their concerns.
- Common concerns about surgery for school-agers include:
- Anesthesia: Help your child understand that their sleepy medicine doctors (anesthesiologists) will make sure they do not feel anything or wake up during surgery and wake up safely once surgery is over.
- Change in Appearance: Your child’s surgeon can tell you what to expect so you may talk with your child about ways to minimize the appearance of the change. Changes may be short or long term; consider this when discussing these plans with your child.
- Pain:告诉你的孩子，医生会给他们一些药物来帮助他们控制手术后的疼痛. Encourage them to think about ways they have dealt with pain in the past and make a coping plan (deep breathing, squeezing an object or parent’s hand, listening to music, distraction with a show, movie, or game).
- Missing Activities & Peers: Many families make a plan to help their child stay connected to school and friends if they miss activities following surgery. Your child’s surgeon will inform you how long your child may need to miss certain activities or how they can engage in certain modified activities safely as they recover.
- Common concerns about surgery for school-agers include:
- Focus on the positive. 提醒你的孩子手术的重要性和长期益处.
- Keep food and drink out of sight. 你的孩子可能会饿，因为他们在手术前可能没有任何东西吃或喝. School-agers may be easily distracted with toys and activities as long as they do not see food or drink. 有些人可能想选择一种特殊的饭菜或小吃，他们将在手术结束后享受.
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Before Surgery Day
- A nurse will call your family the day before your teen’s surgery (or the last weekday for surgeries scheduled on Mondays or the day after a national holiday) to inform you what time to arrive, and when your teen must stop eating and drinking.
- 确保你的孩子知道他们在手术前最后一次被允许吃和喝的时间. They can also inform you whether your teen is scheduled to stay overnight at the hospital after surgery.
- 让你的孩子参与手术计划的各个方面，包括与医生的对话. 鼓励他们在与医生交谈时提出问题，并了解他们的手术.
- Preparation for what to expect (using videos provided here or consulting with a child life specialist) can be a great opportunity for teens to learn about surgery and discuss coping plans to manage pain and anxiety.
- 鼓励你的孩子有机会表达他们的感受. It is often difficult for teenagers to discuss their feelings with adults; encourage them to talk to peers or write in a journal to process their emotions about surgery.
- Reach out to teachers, coaches, 以及其他重要的成年人，鼓励他们继续让青少年参与到活动中来, school work, 和其他重要的里程碑，当他们在医院或从手术中恢复.
- 鼓励你的孩子打包一些舒适的东西(毯子，枕头等).)、活动和他们在医院期间可能使用的电子产品.
How to Support your Teenager on Surgery Day
- Answer your teen’s questions and talk about their concerns.
- Common concerns about surgery for teens include:
- Anesthesia: Help your teen understand that their sleepy medicine doctors (anesthesiologists) will make sure they do not feel anything or wake up during surgery and wake up safely once surgery is over.
- Change in Appearance: Your teen’s surgeon can tell you what to expect so you may talk with your teen about ways to minimize the appearance of the change. Changes may be short or long term; consider this when discussing these plans with your teen.
- Pain告诉你的孩子，医生会给他们一些药物来帮助他们控制手术后的疼痛. Encourage them to think about ways they have dealt with pain in the past and make a coping plan (deep breathing, squeezing an object or parent’s hand, listening to music, meditating, distraction with a show, movie, or game).
- Common concerns about surgery for teens include:
- 对于准备手术和从手术中恢复的青少年来说，失控是一个常见的压力源. They may be frustrated by a loss of independence and relying on others for help with tasks the regularly do on their own.
- 对你的孩子要有耐心，鼓励他们在需要的时候安全地发泄情绪.
- Ensure that they have privacy when possible.
- A nurse will call your family the day before your teen’s surgery (or the last weekday for surgeries scheduled on Mondays or the day after a national holiday) to inform you what time to arrive, and when your teen must stop eating and drinking.