What is a laparoscopy?

腹腔镜检查是一种检查腹部器官的外科手术。. It can also examine a woman’s pelvic organs.

Laparoscopy uses a thin lighted tube that has a video camera. The tube is called a laparoscope. It is put into a tiny cut (incision) in your belly. The video camera images can be seen on a computer screen.

One benefit of laparoscopy is that it is minimally invasive. That means it uses a very small cut (incision) in the belly. 腹腔镜手术通常比开放(传统)手术花费更少的时间和更快的恢复.

腹腔镜检查可用于取一小块组织样本进行检测(活检)。. It can also be used to remove organs, 如阑尾(阑尾切除术)或胆囊(胆囊切除术).

Why might I need a laparoscopy?

腹腔腹腔镜检查有时被称为诊断性腹腔镜检查. It can be done to examine the abdomen and its organs for:

• Tumors and other growths

• Injuries

• Bleeding inside the belly

• Infections

• Pain that can’t be explained

• Blockages

• Other conditions

诊断性腹腔镜检查通常在体检结果出来后进行, X-ray, or CT scan aren't clear. Or it may be done when more information is needed.

腹腔镜检查可用于判断腹部器官的癌症分期. 它也可以用来发现腹部损伤的位置和深度. It can also see how much internal bleeding you have.

For women, a gynecologic laparoscopy may be used to check:

• Pelvic pain and problems

• Ovarian cysts

• Fibroids

• The fallopian tubes

Laparoscopy can also be used to diagnose and treat endometriosis. 这是指子宫外正常排列的组织生长. 腹腔镜检查可用于治疗异位妊娠或做输卵管结扎(捆绑输卵管)以永久预防妊娠.

腹腔镜也可用于减肥手术，如胃旁路或胃套管手术. These procedures have become more common in treating obesity.

你的医疗保健提供者可能有其他原因建议你进行腹腔镜检查.

What are the risks of a laparoscopy?

Possible complications may include bleeding from the incision, injury to the organs in the abdomen, 或者二氧化碳气体进入了腹部以外的地方.

Sometimes a laparoscopy is not advised. This may be the case if you:

• Have advanced cancerous growths on your abdominal wall

• Have long-term (chronic) tuberculosis

• 有出血问题，如血小板计数低(血小板减少症)

• Have a lot of scar tissue (adhesions) from other surgeries

• Are taking blood-thinning medicine

There may be other risks based on your health condition. 在手术前与你的医疗保健提供者讨论任何问题.

Certain conditions may stop a laparoscopy from working well. These include being obese or having bleeding inside your abdomen.

How do I get ready for a laparoscopy?

• Your healthcare provider will explain the procedure to you. Ask them any questions you have.

• 你会被要求签署同意书，允许进行腹腔镜手术并使用麻醉. 仔细阅读表格，如果有不清楚的地方就问问题.

• Your provider will ask questions about your past health. They may also give you a physical exam. This is to make sure you're in good health before the procedure. You may also need blood tests and other diagnostic tests.

• You must not eat or drink for 8 hours before the procedure. This often means no food or drink after midnight.

• 如果你对任何药物敏感或过敏，告诉你的医生, latex, tape, and anesthesia medicines (local and general).

• Tell your provider about all the medicines you take. This includes over-the-counter and prescription medicines. It also includes vitamins, herbs, and other supplements.

• Tell your provider if you have a history of bleeding disorders. 如果你正在服用任何稀释血液的药物，告诉你的医生, aspirin, ibuprofen, or other medicines that affect blood clotting. 你可能需要在手术前停止服用这些药物.

• 如果你怀孕了或者认为你可能怀孕了，告诉你的医生.

• 你需要去除肚脐附近的穿孔珠宝。.

• Depending on the surgery, 你可能会被要求在手术前服用口服泻药来清洁肠道. 或者你可以在手术前几小时将溶液放入直肠和小肠(清洁灌肠).

• You may be given an antibiotic to prevent infection.

• 在手术前，你可能会得到一种特殊的磨砂膏.

• 在手术之前，医生可能会给你开一些药来放松你(镇静剂). This depends on the type of laparoscopy being done. If this is an outpatient procedure, someone must drive you home.

您的医疗保健提供者可能会根据您的医疗状况为您提供其他指示.

What happens during a laparoscopy?

腹腔镜检查可以在门诊进行，也可以作为住院的一部分. The way the test is done may vary. 这取决于你的情况和你的医疗保健提供者的做法.

腹腔镜检查通常是在全身麻醉下睡着的时候进行的. 你的医生会根据手术过程和你的整体健康状况来选择麻醉的类型.

Generally, a laparoscopy follows this process:

1. 你会被要求摘掉任何可能妨碍手术的首饰或其他物品.

2. You'll be asked to remove clothing and be given a gown to wear.

3. An IV (intravenous) line will be inserted in your arm or hand.

4. You'll be placed on your back on the operating table.

5. The anesthesiologist will continually watch your heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and blood oxygen level during the surgery.

6. 如果手术部位的毛发太多，就会被剃掉.

7. 手术部位的皮肤将用无菌溶液清洗.

8. 如果不使用全身麻醉，将在切口部位注射局部麻醉剂. This will numb the area. You'll feel a needle stick and a brief sting.

9. 一根小管子(导尿管)可能会被放入膀胱排出尿液.

10. 在你的腹部肚脐下方做一个小切口.

11. 可以做更多的小切口，以便在手术过程中使用其他手术工具.

12. 二氧化碳气体会进入你的腹部，使它膨胀起来. This makes it easier to see organs and other structures.

13. The laparoscope will be put in and the procedure will take place.

14. Once the laparoscopy and any other procedures are done, the laparoscope and other surgical tools will be taken out.

15. 伤口将用缝线、胶带、皮肤胶或手术订书钉缝合.

16. A sterile bandage, dressing, or adhesive strips will be applied.

What happens after a laparoscopy?

手术后，你会被送到麻醉后护理病房(PACU)。. 你的恢复过程将根据麻醉的类型而有所不同. You'll be watched closely. Once your blood pressure, pulse, and breathing are stable and you're alert, you'll be taken to your hospital room. Or you may be sent home if this was an outpatient procedure.

When you're home, you must keep the cut clean and dry. 你的医疗保健提供者会告诉你如何清洗. 任何缝线或手术钉都将在后续的办公室访问中取出. If adhesive strips were used, they should be kept dry. They'll often fall off in a few days.

你可能会因为肚子里的二氧化碳气体而感到疼痛. 这种疼痛可能会持续几天，你的肩膀可能会感到疼痛. It should feel a bit better each day. You may take a pain medicine as directed by your provider. Aspirin or other pain medicines may raise your risk of bleeding. Only take medicines that your provider has approved.

Use a bowel regimen, if advised, to keep your bowels moving. 如果你正在服用止痛药，这一点尤其重要，因为止痛药经常会导致便秘.

手术后1到2天内不要喝任何碳酸饮料. 这将有助于减少二氧化碳气体带来的不适. Also, carbonated drinks may upset your stomach.

手术后几小时你可以喝一些清澈的液体. You may slowly move on to more solid foods as directed. Tell your healthcare provider if you have nausea or vomiting.

You may be told to limit your physical activity for a few days.

如果您有以下任何情况，请立即致电您的医疗保健提供者或立即进行医疗护理:

• Fever or chills

• 切口部位出现红肿、出血或其他渗出物

• More pain around the incision site

• Vomiting

• Trouble peeing

• Leg swelling

• Trouble breathing

您的医疗保健提供者可能会根据您的情况给您其他指示.