What is prostatitis?

前列腺炎是前列腺的炎症，有时是前列腺周围区域的炎症. It is not cancer.

只有出生时被指定为男性的人才有前列腺. It sits in front of the rectum and below the bladder. 腺体包裹在尿道周围，尿道是将尿液排出体外的管道. The prostate makes the fluid part of semen.

Types of prostatitis

• Chronic prostatitis (chronic pelvic pain syndrome) This is the most common type of prostatitis. 症状可能会好转，然后毫无征兆地复发. Healthcare providers do not know why this happens. There is no cure, but you can manage symptoms.

• Acute bacterial prostatitis. This is the least common type of prostatitis. It happens at any age. It often starts suddenly and causes severe symptoms. It’s important to get treatment right away. 你可能会觉得尿(尿)困难而且很痛。. Other symptoms include fever, chills, low back pain, pain in the genital area, frequent peeing, a burning feeling when peeing, or urinary urgency at night. You may also have aches and pains all over your body.

• Chronic bacterial prostatitis. This type is fairly uncommon. 这是一种反复发作的感染，而且很难治疗. 症状像是轻微的急性细菌性前列腺炎. But they last longer. Often you have no fever.

• Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis. This is prostatitis with no symptoms. 您的医疗保健提供者通常在检查或测试中诊断出它, such as a prostate biopsy, for another health problem. 如果你的前列腺液或精液中有抗感染细胞，他们可能会诊断出它.

What causes prostatitis?

Prostatitis is most often caused by bacteria. They spread from the rectum or from infected urine.

You can't get prostatitis from another person. It is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI). But it can result from several STIs.

Who is at risk for prostatitis?

You can get prostatitis at any age. But some things raise your risk:

• 近期膀胱或尿路感染，或身体其他感染

• Injury to the area between the scrotum and the anus

• Abnormal urinary tract anatomy

• Enlarged prostate

• 最近在尿道内插入导管或检查镜的检查

What are the symptoms of prostatitis?

These are the most common symptoms of prostatitis:

• Need to pee often

• Burning or stinging feeling when peeing

• Pain when peeing

• Less urine when you pee

• Rectal pain or pressure

• 发烧和发冷(通常只有急性感染)

• Pain in your low back or pelvis

• 排便在排便时通过尿道排出

• Erectile dysfunction or loss of sex drive

• Throbbing sensations in the rectal or genital area

前列腺炎的症状可能看起来像其他健康状况或问题. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

How is prostatitis diagnosed?

你的医疗保健提供者会检查你过去的健康和性史. They will also do a physical exam. Other tests may include:

• Urine culture. This test collects prostatic fluid and urine. They are checked for white blood cells and bacteria.

• Digital rectal exam (DRE). In this test, 医护人员将戴着手套的手指伸入直肠，检查直肠旁边的前列腺部分. This is done to look for swelling or tenderness.

• Prostate massage. 医护人员会按摩你的前列腺，将液体排入尿道. 然后在显微镜下检查这些液体，看是否有炎症或感染. This test is often done during a DRE.

• Semen culture. 精液样本在实验室进行细菌和白细胞检测.

• Cystoscopy. 将一根细而柔软的管子和观察装置插入阴茎并穿过尿道. 您的医疗保健提供者使用该设备检查您的膀胱和尿道的结构变化或阻塞.

• Transrectal ultrasound. A small, 手持设备(换能器)插入直肠前列腺旁，显示前列腺图像. Biopsies may be taken at this time.

• CT scan. 这是一种成像测试，使用x射线和计算机来制作身体的详细图像. CT扫描显示骨骼、肌肉、脂肪和器官的细节.

How is prostatitis treated?

治疗取决于你的症状、年龄和总体健康状况. It will also depend on how severe the condition is.

治疗取决于前列腺炎的类型.

Chronic prostatitis (chronic pelvic pain syndrome)

在排除感染之前，你可以服用抗生素. 根据症状，其他治疗方法可能包括:

• 帮助放松前列腺和膀胱周围肌肉的药物, decrease inflammation, and ease pain

• 前列腺按摩，释放造成前列腺压力的液体

• 用热水浴或加热垫加热来帮助缓解不适

Chronic bacterial prostatitis

治疗通常意味着服用4到12周的抗生素. 这种类型的前列腺炎很难治疗，而且感染可能会复发. If antibiotics don’t work in 4 to 12 weeks, 你可能需要服用小剂量的抗生素一段时间. 在极少数情况下，你可能需要手术切除部分或全部前列腺. 如果你排空膀胱有困难，可以这样做.

Acute bacterial prostatitis

对于这种类型的前列腺炎，你通常要服用2到4周的抗生素. 服用完整疗程的抗生素很重要，即使你没有症状. 这是为了阻止耐抗生素细菌的生长. You may also need pain medicines. You may be told to drink more fluids. 在严重的情况下，你可能需要留在医院.

关于前列腺炎治疗的更多信息，请咨询您的医疗保健提供者.

Key points about prostatitis

• 前列腺炎是由感染引起的前列腺炎症. It can be 1 of several types.

• 前列腺炎不会传染，也不是性传播感染。. But it can be caused by an STI.

• Prostatitis can happen at any age. Symptoms may include peeing more often, a burning or stinging feeling when peeing, pain peeing, and fever and chills.

• 你的医疗保健提供者通常通过你的症状和检查你的尿液和精液来诊断前列腺炎.

• Antibiotics are used to treat prostatitis. In rare cases, you may need surgery.

Next steps

帮助您从医疗保健提供者那里获得最大收益的建议:

• 知道你访问的原因和你想要发生什么.

• 在拜访之前，写下你想要回答的问题.

• 带一个人来帮你问问题，记住你的医生告诉你的.

• 在就诊时，写下新的诊断和任何新的药物、治疗方法或测试的名称. 同时写下你的医生给你的新指示.

• 了解为什么要开一种新药或治疗方法，以及它将如何帮助你. Also know what the side effects are.

• Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.

• 了解为什么要推荐一个测试或程序，以及结果可能意味着什么.

• 知道如果你不吃药或不做检查或不做手术会发生什么.

• 如果你有后续预约，写下日期、时间和目的.

• 知道如果你有问题如何联系你的供应商, especially after office hours or on weekends.